Offniel Lamont | Physiotherapy and Jamaica’s ageing population

This year’s theme of World Physiotherapy Day was the role of physiotherapy and physical activity in healthy ageing, places the spotlight on preventing frailty and falls, two challenges that determine whether older adults live with independence or dependence.

Globally, the pace of ageing is accelerating. In 2019, there were one billion people aged 60 and older, projected to rise to 1.4 billion by 2030 and 2.1 billion by 2050. Further, the population of individuals aged 80 and over is projected to triple by 2050, reaching 426 million. The Statistical Institute of Jamaica (STATIN) reports that approximately 13 per cent of the population is currently over 60 years old. Simultaneously, fertility rates have declined below the replacement level of 2.1, now ranging from 1.4 to 1.7 births per woman. The decline in the younger population will increase the demand for public services and resources for the ageing demographic.

Falls are a major risk for older adults, leading to numerous hospital visits and disabilities, according to the Ministry of Health and Wellness. The University Hospital of the West Indies reports that hip fractures and other fall-related injuries are common among elderly patients, many of whom face challenges in regaining their independence. Frailty and sarcopenia (muscle loss) further increase the risk of falls. Without intervention, older Jamaicans may face declining mobility, dependence on caregivers, and reduced quality of life. With the number of seniors projected to grow, the health system could become overwhelmed unless preventive strategies are prioritised now.

WHY PHYSIOTHERAPY MUST LEAD

Physiotherapy is uniquely positioned to lead efforts in promoting healthy ageing. Physiotherapists are highly trained medical professionals who effectively integrate prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation. This comprehensive skill set empowers our profession to take a prominent role in redefining the ageing process for Jamaicans, facilitating healthier, more active, and enriched lives as they grow older. Here’s How:

1. Fall prevention experts: Physiotherapists are specialists in balance, strength, and coordination training, employing evidence-based methods to reduce the risk of falls. Research indicates that structured exercise programmes can decrease the risks of falls by up to 30 per cent.

2. Managing frailty and sarcopenia: Regular strength training supervised by physiotherapists preserves muscle mass and bone health. Evidence confirms that even Jamaicans in their 70s or 90s can safely build strength.

3. Chronic disease support: With 70 per cent of deaths in Jamaica attributed to NCDs, physiotherapists can design safe activity programmes for those living with diabetes, hypertension, or cardiovascular conditions, improving independence and reducing hospital readmissions.

4. Advocates for active ageing: Physiotherapists are not only clinicians but also educators and community leaders. From health centres to churches, we can spearhead public education campaigns about safe exercise, fall prevention, and independence across various community settings.

5. Holistic care: Ageing is not only physical. Many older Jamaicans face loneliness and depression. Physiotherapy programmes often integrate group exercise, movement therapy, and social engagement, which support both mental and physical well-being.

It’s never too late to start exercising. People who stay active are up to 41 per cent less likely to experience frailty. With stronger muscles and better balance, there’s a lower risk of falls and hospitalisations, leading to more years of independent living at home. For Jamaica, this effort goes beyond healthcare; it’s about preserving culture, family, and dignity. Seniors who remain active can continue engaging in the activities they love, such as gardening, worshipping at church, dancing, and spending time with grandchildren, well into their advanced years.

MOVING FORWARD

It is estimated that by 2050, nearly one in four Jamaicans will be over 60 years old. If ignored, this reality could overwhelm hospitals, pensions, and families.

To prepare, action is needed:

. Policy reform: Accelerate physiotherapy access and integrate physiotherapy-led active ageing programmes into community health centres.

. Workforce expansion: Train and deploy more physiotherapists across rural and urban communities.

. Public education: Launch national campaigns on fall prevention, frailty, and safe exercise.

. Community programmes and the development and redevelopment of infrastructure: Partner with churches, senior clubs, the private sector and NGOs to create supportive environments for healthy ageing.

The world is experiencing an unprecedented pace of ageing, but this doesn’t have to signal decline. Physiotherapists are key allies in empowering Jamaicans to embrace active ageing. By focusing on preventing frailty, reducing the risk of falls, and promoting independence, we allow seniors to thrive in their later years. Together, we can redefine what it means to age and ensure a vibrant future for our communities.

Healthy ageing is not just about adding years to life, but life to years. Physiotherapists are well-prepared to lead the way in bridging prevention and recovery, fostering independence, and enhancing resilience.

Offniel Lamont is a sports medicine, exercise and health physiotherapist and Public Health Youth Advocate with Healthy Caribbean Youth, Jamaica Health Advocates – Youth Arm and Fix My Food Jamaica (UNICEF Jamaica). Send feedback to columns@gleanerjm.com